ELEKTROAUTO - Nikola Tesla and his Pierce Arrow electric automobile...


Nikola Tesla and his Pierce Arrow electric automobile.	Nikola Tesla i njegov Pierce Arrow električni automobil.

The man behind the machines.	Čovjek iza mašina.
George N. Pierce (1846-1911)
In 1863 George N. Pierce (1846-1911) came to buffalo from Friendsville, Pennsylvania at the age of seventeen. He married into a well-to-do local family, and ten years and several jobs later, he partnered with two other local men and formed a company known as Heinz, Pierce and Munshauer for the manufacture of refrigerators, birdcages, iceboxes and bathtubs. Pierce was a partner until 1878 when he left the firm to establish a rival concern under the name of George N. Pierce & Company. In 1895 he stopped manufacturing these, too. In 1891 Pierce moved into bicycles and then cars. He then continued as just a bicycle company. The earliest Pierce bicycles' nameplates used an arrow which was to become the familiar hallmark of all of Pierce's advertising and nameplates for decades to come.	Godine 1863 George N. Pierce (1846-1911) došao je iz Bufala u Friendsville, Pensilvanija u dobi od sedamnaest godina. Oženio se u dobro-stoječoj lokalnoj familiji-obitelji, a deset godina kasnije sa nekoliko radnih mjesta, on je sklopio partnerstvo sa drugim loklnim ljudima i osnovao kompaniju znamu kao Heinz, Pierce i Munshauer za proizvodnju hladnjaka, sanduka za pivo, kitija za led i kade. Pierce je bio partner do 1878, kada je napustio firmu da osnuje suprničku tvrtku zabrinut za ime, da bi sačivao ime, sa imenom George N. Pierce & Company. U 1895 on je takodjer zaustavio proizvodnju. Godine 1891 Pierce preselio u bicikle i onda automobila. On je zatim nastavio raditi kao firma koja proizvodi samo bicikle. Najraniji Pierce bicikli koristi su pločicu sa imenom i koristi strelicu koja je zaštitni znak svih Pierce oglasa i pločice sa tim imenom se koristila za sljedeća desetljeća

Pierce made what was probably the best bicycle of this era. It had a shaft drive, which was considered preferable to the chain at this time.	Pierce je napravio ono što je vjerojatno najbolji bicikl u tom razdoblju. Imao je pogonsku osovinu sa pedalama koja je bila vezna preko kardana - kardanska osovina na osovinu zadnjeg točka.

State-of-the-art suspension came from a front fork of spring leaves.	Vrhunski ovjes sa lisnatim oprugama je bio ugradjen u prednju viljušku.

Telescopic shock absorber on the drop bar was installed.	Imao je opruge ispod sica-sjedišta.

It was called the Pierce hygienic Cushion Frame with an eye toward its healthful anti-vibration qualities. The company's 1887 model sold for $75.	To se zvalo Pierce higijenski Jastuk Okvir jer je ublažavao udare i imao antivibracijski kvalitet. Firma je 1887 model prodavala za 75 dolara.

By 1901 the Pierce Cycle Company had grown tremendously and was located in a five-story 75,000-square-foot factory at 6-22 Hanover Street in Buffalo.	Do 1901 Pierce Bicikl firma je imal strahovit rast i bila je smještena u petospratnoj zgradi od 75,000 kvadratnih stopa prostora u 6-22 Hanover ulica u Bufalu.
At this point George K. Birge and some friends bought into Pierce's business, which in 1899 Birge reorganized and brought in Scottish engineer David Fergusson. Reliance on steam power was abandoned, and in 1900 a gas-powered Motorette was placed on the market.	U ovom trenutku George K. Birge i neki prijatelji su kupuju udio u Pierce poslu, i u 1899 Birge reorganizira poslovanje i dovdi u škotskog inženjera sa imenom David Fergusson. Oslanjanje na snagu vodene pare je bilo napušteno 1900 i zamjenjeno benyinskim pogonom te je je bio stavljen na tržište automobil Motorette.
1903 Pierce Motorette

Two years later the company was making its own engines and a year after that was selling the fifteen horsepower Arrow and the twenty-four horsepower Great Arrow. The Arrow automobile continued to be made in the same bicycle plant on Hanover Street until 1907, when the company split into two companies and the auto production was moved to a new plant that was built next to the New York Central Belt Line Railroad on Elmwood Avenue at Great Arrow covering fifteen acres of land. The complex had one million, sixteen thousand four hundred square feet of floor space for over 10,000 workers. The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Co. was officially launched in 1907. In a fit of pique, Pierce withdrew from management in 1908 and the Pierce family sold its interest and left the company. Birge was president of the auto company from 1908-1916. Pierce died from a heart attack in 1910 at his home at the Lenox residence hotel.. He was interred in a family mausoleum, built by his wife, Louisa, in the Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, adjacent to Mirror Lake in Section 23. Pierce-Arrow affiliated with the Studebaker Corporation in 1928 but the relationship would be short lived. The Studebaker Corporation failed in 1933, a group of Buffalo businessmen led by George F. Rand Jr., bought control of the Pierce-Arrow operation and kept it open under the presidency of Arthur J. Chanter until 1938 when Pierce-Arrow also went bankrupt.	Dvije godine kasnije firma stvara vlastiti motor od 15 konjskih snaga i godinu dana kasnije Arrow pravi motor snage dvadeset četiri konjske snage. Arrow automobili se i dalje prave na istom mjestu gdje i bicikli, ulica Hanover, sve do 1907, kada je firma podijeljena na dvije, a auto je proizvodnja seli u novu tvornicu koja je sagrađena uz New York Central Belt Line Railroad Avenue Elmwood Avenue at Great Arrow koja obuhvaća petnaest hektara zemlje. Kompleks je imao milion, 16.400 kvadratnih stopa površine za više od 10.000 radnika. Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Co je službeno pokrenut u 1907. Napadnut od saradnika i uvrijeđen, Pierce se povlači iz upravljanja u 1908 i Pierce familija prodaje svoj udio i napušta firmu. Birge bio predsjednik auto tvrtka od 1908 do 1916. Pierce je umro od srčanog udara u 1910 u svojoj kući u hotelu Lenox gdje je stanovao. Bio je pokopan u porodičnom mauzoleju, koji je sagradila njegova supruga, Louisa, u groblju Forest Lawn, Buffalo, u susjedstvu je Ogledalo jezero u Odjeljak 23. Pierce-Arrow se uvezuje sa Studebaker Corporation u 1928, ali će odnos biti kratkog vijeka. Studebaker Corporation ne uspijeva u 1933, grupa oko Buffalo poslovnih ljudi na čelu sa George F. Rand Jr., kupuje kontrolu nad Pierce-Arrow rad i zadržava ga pod predsjedanjem Arthur J. Mladegi do 1938 kada je Pierce-Arrow je otišao u stečaj .